![]() ![]() During March and April 1935, in Japan, Nie Er set the words (with minor adjustments) to music in May, Diantong's sound director He Luting had the Russian composer Aaron Avshalomov arrange their orchestral accompaniment. Urban legends later circulated that Tian wrote it in jail on rolling paper or the liner paper from cigarette boxes after being arrested in Shanghai by the Nationalists in fact, he was arrested in Shanghai and held in Nanjing just after completing his draft for the film. The film is a story about a Chinese intellectual who flees during the Shanghai Incident to a life of luxury in Qingdao, only to be driven to fight the Japanese occupation of Manchuria after learning of the death of his friend. The lyrics of the "March of the Volunteers", also formally known as the National Anthem of the People's Republic of China, were composed by Tian Han in 1934 as two stanzas in his poem "The Great Wall" ( 萬里長城), ( 义勇军进行曲) intended either for a play he was working on at the time or as part of the script for Diantong's upcoming film Children of Troubled Times. Nie Er (left) and Tian Han (right), photographed in Shanghai in 1933 The original version was restored in 1982. In 1978, the "March of the Volunteers" was raised to official status, but with altered lyrics in line with communist historiography composed during the Cultural Revolution. When Tian Han was purged to death during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, the song was briefly and unofficially replaced by " The East Is Red", and then reinstated but played without lyrics. It was adopted as the PRC's provisional anthem in 1949 in place of the " Three Principles of the People" of the Republic of China (1912–1949) and the Communist "Internationale". It became a famous military song during the Second Sino-Japanese War beyond the communist faction, most notably the Nationalist general Dai Anlan designated it to be the anthem of the 200th Division, who fought in Burma. This song had its lyrics written first by the communist playwright Tian Han in 1934, then set to melody by Nie Er and arranged by Aaron Avshalomov for the communist-aligned film Children of Troubled Times (1935). The Japanese invasion of Manchuria saw a boom of nationalistic arts and literature in China. Unlike most previous Chinese state anthems, it was written entirely in Vernacular Mandarin Chinese, rather than in Classical Chinese. ![]() The " March of the Volunteers", originally titled the " March of the Anti-Manchukuo Counter-Japan Volunteers", has been the official national anthem of the People's Republic of China since 1978. Zung1waa4 Jan4man4 Gung6wo4gwok3 Gwok3go1 National Anthem of the People's Republic of China March of the Anti-Manchukuo Counter-Japan Volunteers ![]()
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